경제 활동의 과정에서 제삼자에게 의도치 않은 이익이나 손해를 끼치고도 그에 대한 대가를 받지도 지불하지도 않는 상태.
A consequence of an industrial or commercial activity that affects other parties without being reflected in the market price of the goods or services involved.
예문:
"The government implemented a carbon tax to address the negative externality of industrial pollution."
"A beautiful public park provides a positive externality to the surrounding neighborhood by increasing property values."
"Economists often study how to internalize an externality so that market prices reflect true social costs."
지각하는 주체의 마음 바깥에 독립적으로 존재하는 성질.
The state or quality of existing outside the mind or independent of the perceiving subject.
예문:
"The philosopher argued for the externality of the physical world against the claims of pure idealism."
"Scientific realism is based on the premise of the externality of natural laws."
내면적인 본질보다는 겉으로 드러나는 모습이나 형식적인 절차를 중시하는 태도.
An emphasis on outward appearances, formal rituals, or superficial characteristics rather than inner essence.
예문:
"The critic lamented the modern obsession with externality in social media culture."
"Religious practices can sometimes devolve into mere externality when the spiritual meaning is lost."